Source code: Lib/fnmatch.py
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the re
module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
Pattern | Meaning |
---|---|
* | matches everything |
? | matches any single character |
[seq] | matches any character in seq |
[!seq] | matches any character not in seq |
For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, '[?]'
matches the character '?'
.
Note that the filename separator ('/'
on Unix) is not special to this module. See module glob
for pathname expansion (glob
uses fnmatch()
to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the *
and ?
patterns.
fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)
Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning True
or False
. If the operating system is case-insensitive, then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before the comparison is performed. fnmatchcase()
can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension .txt
:
import fnmatch import os for file in os.listdir('.'): if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'): print(file)
fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
Test whether filename matches pattern, returning True
or False
; the comparison is case-sensitive.
fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)
Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as [n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]
, but implemented more efficiently.
fnmatch.translate(pattern)
Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression for using with re.match()
.
Example:
>>> import fnmatch, re >>> >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt') >>> regex '(?s:.*\\.txt)\\Z' >>> reobj = re.compile(regex) >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt') <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'>
See also
Module
glob
© 2001–2017 Python Software Foundation
Licensed under the PSF License.
https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/fnmatch.html