numpy.outer(a, b, out=None)[source]
Compute the outer product of two vectors.
Given two vectors, a = [a0, a1, ..., aM]
and b = [b0, b1, ..., bN]
, the outer product [R55] is:
[[a0*b0 a0*b1 ... a0*bN ] [a1*b0 . [ ... . [aM*b0 aM*bN ]]
Parameters: |
a : (M,) array_like First input vector. Input is flattened if not already 1-dimensional. b : (N,) array_like Second input vector. Input is flattened if not already 1-dimensional. out : (M, N) ndarray, optional A location where the result is stored New in version 1.9.0. |
---|---|
Returns: |
out : (M, N) ndarray
|
[R55] | (1, 2) : G. H. Golub and C. F. van Loan, Matrix Computations, 3rd ed., Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, pg. 8. |
Make a (very coarse) grid for computing a Mandelbrot set:
>>> rl = np.outer(np.ones((5,)), np.linspace(-2, 2, 5)) >>> rl array([[-2., -1., 0., 1., 2.], [-2., -1., 0., 1., 2.], [-2., -1., 0., 1., 2.], [-2., -1., 0., 1., 2.], [-2., -1., 0., 1., 2.]]) >>> im = np.outer(1j*np.linspace(2, -2, 5), np.ones((5,))) >>> im array([[ 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j], [ 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j], [ 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j], [ 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j], [ 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j]]) >>> grid = rl + im >>> grid array([[-2.+2.j, -1.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 1.+2.j, 2.+2.j], [-2.+1.j, -1.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 1.+1.j, 2.+1.j], [-2.+0.j, -1.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 1.+0.j, 2.+0.j], [-2.-1.j, -1.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 1.-1.j, 2.-1.j], [-2.-2.j, -1.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 1.-2.j, 2.-2.j]])
An example using a “vector” of letters:
>>> x = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype=object) >>> np.outer(x, [1, 2, 3]) array([[a, aa, aaa], [b, bb, bbb], [c, cc, ccc]], dtype=object)
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https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.10.1/reference/generated/numpy.outer.html