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2.4 Options to request or suppress errors and warnings

Errors are diagnostic messages that report that the GNU Fortran compiler cannot compile the relevant piece of source code. The compiler will continue to process the program in an attempt to report further errors to aid in debugging, but will not produce any compiled output.

Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which are not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there is likely to be a bug in the program. Unless -Werror is specified, they do not prevent compilation of the program.

You can request many specific warnings with options beginning -W, for example -Wimplicit to request warnings on implicit declarations. Each of these specific warning options also has a negative form beginning -Wno- to turn off warnings; for example, -Wno-implicit. This manual lists only one of the two forms, whichever is not the default.

These options control the amount and kinds of errors and warnings produced by GNU Fortran:

-fmax-errors=n
Limits the maximum number of error messages to n, at which point GNU Fortran bails out rather than attempting to continue processing the source code. If n is 0, there is no limit on the number of error messages produced.
-fsyntax-only
Check the code for syntax errors, but do not actually compile it. This will generate module files for each module present in the code, but no other output file.
-pedantic
Issue warnings for uses of extensions to Fortran 95. -pedantic also applies to C-language constructs where they occur in GNU Fortran source files, such as use of ‘\e’ in a character constant within a directive like #include.

Valid Fortran 95 programs should compile properly with or without this option. However, without this option, certain GNU extensions and traditional Fortran features are supported as well. With this option, many of them are rejected.

Some users try to use -pedantic to check programs for conformance. They soon find that it does not do quite what they want—it finds some nonstandard practices, but not all. However, improvements to GNU Fortran in this area are welcome.

This should be used in conjunction with -std=f95, -std=f2003 or -std=f2008.

-pedantic-errors
Like -pedantic, except that errors are produced rather than warnings.
-Wall
Enables commonly used warning options pertaining to usage that we recommend avoiding and that we believe are easy to avoid. This currently includes -Waliasing, -Wampersand, -Wconversion, -Wsurprising, -Wc-binding-type, -Wintrinsics-std, -Wno-tabs, -Wintrinsic-shadow, -Wline-truncation, -Wtarget-lifetime, -Wreal-q-constant and -Wunused.
-Waliasing
Warn about possible aliasing of dummy arguments. Specifically, it warns if the same actual argument is associated with a dummy argument with INTENT(IN) and a dummy argument with INTENT(OUT) in a call with an explicit interface.

The following example will trigger the warning.

interface
  subroutine bar(a,b)
    integer, intent(in) :: a
    integer, intent(out) :: b
  end subroutine
end interface
integer :: a
          
call bar(a,a)
-Wampersand
Warn about missing ampersand in continued character constants. The warning is given with -Wampersand, -pedantic, -std=f95, -std=f2003 and -std=f2008. Note: With no ampersand given in a continued character constant, GNU Fortran assumes continuation at the first non-comment, non-whitespace character after the ampersand that initiated the continuation.
-Warray-temporaries
Warn about array temporaries generated by the compiler. The information generated by this warning is sometimes useful in optimization, in order to avoid such temporaries.
-Wc-binding-type
Warn if the a variable might not be C interoperable. In particular, warn if the variable has been declared using an intrinsic type with default kind instead of using a kind parameter defined for C interoperability in the intrinsic ISO_C_Binding module. This option is implied by -Wall.
-Wcharacter-truncation
Warn when a character assignment will truncate the assigned string.
-Wline-truncation
Warn when a source code line will be truncated. This option is implied by -Wall.
-Wconversion
Warn about implicit conversions that are likely to change the value of the expression after conversion. Implied by -Wall.
-Wconversion-extra
Warn about implicit conversions between different types and kinds.
-Wextra
Enables some warning options for usages of language features which may be problematic. This currently includes -Wcompare-reals and -Wunused-parameter.
-Wimplicit-interface
Warn if a procedure is called without an explicit interface. Note this only checks that an explicit interface is present. It does not check that the declared interfaces are consistent across program units.
-Wimplicit-procedure
Warn if a procedure is called that has neither an explicit interface nor has been declared as EXTERNAL.
-Wintrinsics-std
Warn if gfortran finds a procedure named like an intrinsic not available in the currently selected standard (with -std) and treats it as EXTERNAL procedure because of this. -fall-intrinsics can be used to never trigger this behavior and always link to the intrinsic regardless of the selected standard.
-Wreal-q-constant
Produce a warning if a real-literal-constant contains a q exponent-letter.
-Wsurprising
Produce a warning when “suspicious” code constructs are encountered. While technically legal these usually indicate that an error has been made.

This currently produces a warning under the following circumstances:

  • An INTEGER SELECT construct has a CASE that can never be matched as its lower value is greater than its upper value.
  • A LOGICAL SELECT construct has three CASE statements.
  • A TRANSFER specifies a source that is shorter than the destination.
  • The type of a function result is declared more than once with the same type. If -pedantic or standard-conforming mode is enabled, this is an error.
  • A CHARACTER variable is declared with negative length.
-Wtabs
By default, tabs are accepted as whitespace, but tabs are not members of the Fortran Character Set. For continuation lines, a tab followed by a digit between 1 and 9 is supported. -Wno-tabs will cause a warning to be issued if a tab is encountered. Note, -Wno-tabs is active for -pedantic, -std=f95, -std=f2003, -std=f2008 and -Wall.
-Wunderflow
Produce a warning when numerical constant expressions are encountered, which yield an UNDERFLOW during compilation.
-Wintrinsic-shadow
Warn if a user-defined procedure or module procedure has the same name as an intrinsic; in this case, an explicit interface or EXTERNAL or INTRINSIC declaration might be needed to get calls later resolved to the desired intrinsic/procedure. This option is implied by -Wall.
-Wunused-dummy-argument
Warn about unused dummy arguments. This option is implied by -Wall.
-Wunused-parameter
Contrary to gcc's meaning of -Wunused-parameter, gfortran's implementation of this option does not warn about unused dummy arguments (see -Wunused-dummy-argument), but about unused PARAMETER values. -Wunused-parameter is not included in -Wall but is implied by -Wall -Wextra.
-Walign-commons
By default, gfortran warns about any occasion of variables being padded for proper alignment inside a COMMON block. This warning can be turned off via -Wno-align-commons. See also -falign-commons.
-Wfunction-elimination
Warn if any calls to functions are eliminated by the optimizations enabled by the -ffrontend-optimize option.
-Wrealloc-lhs
Warn when the compiler might insert code to for allocation or reallocation of an allocatable array variable of intrinsic type in intrinsic assignments. In hot loops, the Fortran 2003 reallocation feature may reduce the performance. If the array is already allocated with the correct shape, consider using a whole-array array-spec (e.g. (:,:,:)) for the variable on the left-hand side to prevent the reallocation check. Note that in some cases the warning is shown, even if the compiler will optimize reallocation checks away. For instance, when the right-hand side contains the same variable multiplied by a scalar. See also -frealloc-lhs.
-Wrealloc-lhs-all
Warn when the compiler inserts code to for allocation or reallocation of an allocatable variable; this includes scalars and derived types.
-Wcompare-reals
Warn when comparing real or complex types for equality or inequality. This option is implied by -Wextra.
-Wtarget-lifetime
Warn if the pointer in a pointer assignment might be longer than the its target. This option is implied by -Wall.
-Wzerotrip
Warn if a DO loop is known to execute zero times at compile time. This option is implied by -Wall.
-Werror
Turns all warnings into errors.

See Options to Request or Suppress Errors and Warnings, for information on more options offered by the GBE shared by gfortran, gcc and other GNU compilers.

Some of these have no effect when compiling programs written in Fortran.

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Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3.
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.3/gfortran/Error-and-Warning-Options.html