Node.insertBefore

The Node.insertBefore() method inserts the specified node before the reference node as a child of the current node.

Syntax

var insertedNode = parentNode.insertBefore(newNode, referenceNode);

If referenceNode is null, the newNode is inserted at the end of the list of child nodes.

Note that referenceNode is not an optional parameter -- you must explicitly pass a Node or null. Failing to provide it or passing invalid values may behave differently in different browser versions.

The returned value is the inserted node.

Example

<div id="parentElement">
   <span id="childElement">foo bar</span>
</div>

<script>
// Create the new node to insert
var newNode = document.createElement("span");

// Get a reference to the parent node
var parentDiv = document.getElementById("childElement").parentNode;

// Begin test case [ 1 ] : Exist a childElement --> All working correctly
var sp2 = document.getElementById("childElement");
parentDiv.insertBefore(newNode, sp2);
//End test case [ 1 ]

// Begin test case [ 2 ] : childElement is of Type undefined 
var sp2 = undefined; //Not exist a node of id "childElement"
parentDiv.insertBefore(newNode, sp2); // implicit dynamic cast to type Node
// End test case [ 2 ]

// Begin test case [ 3 ] : childElement is of Type "undefined" ( string )
var sp2 = "undefined"; // Not exist a node of id "childElement"
parentDiv.insertBefore(newNode, sp2); // Generate "Type Error: Invalid Argument" 
// End test case [ 3 ]
</script>

• insertedNode The node being inserted, that is newNode
• parentNode The parent of the newly inserted node.
• newNode The node to be inserted.
• referenceNode The node before which newNode is inserted.

Example

<div id="parentElement">
  <span id="childElement">foo bar</span>
</div>

<script>
// Create a new, plain <span> element
var sp1 = document.createElement("span");

// Get a reference to the element, before we want to insert the element
var sp2 = document.getElementById("childElement");
// Get a reference to the parent element
var parentDiv = sp2.parentNode;

// Insert the new element into the DOM before sp2
parentDiv.insertBefore(sp1, sp2);
</script>

There is no insertAfter method. It can be emulated by combining the insertBefore method with nextSibling.

In the previous example, sp1 could be inserted after sp2 using:

parentDiv.insertBefore(sp1, sp2.nextSibling);

If sp2 does not have a next sibling, then it must be the last child — sp2.nextSibling returns null, and sp1 is inserted at the end of the child node list (immediately after sp2).

Example 2

Insert an element before the first child element, using the firstChild property.

// Get a reference to the element in which we want to insert a new node
var parentElement = document.getElementById('parentElement');
// Get a reference to the first child
var theFirstChild = parentElement.firstChild;

// Create a new element
var newElement = document.createElement("div");

// Insert the new element before the first child
parentElement.insertBefore(newElement, theFirstChild);

When the element does not have a first child, then firstChild is null. The element is still appended to the parent, after the last child. Since the parent element did not have a first child, it did not have a last child either. Consequently, the new element is the only element, after insertion.

Browser compatibility

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
DOM The definition of 'Node.insertBefore' in that specification.	Living Standard	Fixes errors in the insertion algorithm
DOM4 The definition of 'Node.insertBefore' in that specification.	Recommendation	Describes the algorithm in more detail
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification The definition of 'Node.insertBefore' in that specification.	Recommendation	No notable changes
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification The definition of 'Node.insertBefore' in that specification.	Recommendation	No notable changes
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification The definition of 'Node.insertBefore' in that specification.	Recommendation	Introduced

See also

• Node.removeChild()
• Node.replaceChild()
• Node.appendChild()
• Node.hasChildNodes()