The following three classes provide much of the functionality needed to create Django views. You may think of them as parent views, which can be used by themselves or inherited from. They may not provide all the capabilities required for projects, in which case there are Mixins and Generic class-based views.
Many of Django’s built-in class-based views inherit from other class-based views or various mixins. Because this inheritance chain is very important, the ancestor classes are documented under the section title of Ancestors (MRO). MRO is an acronym for Method Resolution Order.
class django.views.generic.base.View
The master class-based base view. All other class-based views inherit from this base class.
Method Flowchart
Example views.py:
from django.http import HttpResponse from django.views.generic import View class MyView(View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')
Example urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url from myapp.views import MyView urlpatterns = [ url(r'^mine/$', MyView.as_view(), name='my-view'), ]
Attributes
http_method_names
The list of HTTP method names that this view will accept.
Default:
['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
Methods
classmethod as_view(**initkwargs)
Returns a callable view that takes a request and returns a response:
response = MyView.as_view()(request)
dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
The view
part of the view – the method that accepts a request
argument plus arguments, and returns a HTTP response.
The default implementation will inspect the HTTP method and attempt to delegate to a method that matches the HTTP method; a GET
will be delegated to get()
, a POST
to post()
, and so on.
By default, a HEAD
request will be delegated to get()
. If you need to handle HEAD
requests in a different way than GET
, you can override the head()
method. See Supporting other HTTP methods for an example.
http_method_not_allowed(request, *args, **kwargs)
If the view was called with a HTTP method it doesn’t support, this method is called instead.
The default implementation returns HttpResponseNotAllowed
with a list of allowed methods in plain text.
options(request, *args, **kwargs)
Handles responding to requests for the OPTIONS HTTP verb. Returns a list of the allowed HTTP method names for the view.
class django.views.generic.base.TemplateView
Renders a given template, with the context containing parameters captured in the URL.
Ancestors (MRO)
This view inherits methods and attributes from the following views:
django.views.generic.base.TemplateResponseMixin
django.views.generic.base.ContextMixin
django.views.generic.base.View
Method Flowchart
Example views.py:
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView from articles.models import Article class HomePageView(TemplateView): template_name = "home.html" def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super(HomePageView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context['latest_articles'] = Article.objects.all()[:5] return context
Example urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url from myapp.views import HomePageView urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', HomePageView.as_view(), name='home'), ]
Context
ContextMixin
) with the keyword arguments captured from the URL pattern that served the view.class django.views.generic.base.RedirectView
Redirects to a given URL.
The given URL may contain dictionary-style string formatting, which will be interpolated against the parameters captured in the URL. Because keyword interpolation is always done (even if no arguments are passed in), any "%"
characters in the URL must be written as "%%"
so that Python will convert them to a single percent sign on output.
If the given URL is None
, Django will return an HttpResponseGone
(410).
Ancestors (MRO)
This view inherits methods and attributes from the following view:
Method Flowchart
Example views.py:
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404 from django.views.generic.base import RedirectView from articles.models import Article class ArticleCounterRedirectView(RedirectView): permanent = False query_string = True pattern_name = 'article-detail' def get_redirect_url(self, *args, **kwargs): article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=kwargs['pk']) article.update_counter() return super(ArticleCounterRedirectView, self).get_redirect_url(*args, **kwargs)
Example urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url from django.views.generic.base import RedirectView from article.views import ArticleCounterRedirectView, ArticleDetail urlpatterns = [ url(r'^counter/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', ArticleCounterRedirectView.as_view(), name='article-counter'), url(r'^details/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', ArticleDetail.as_view(), name='article-detail'), url(r'^go-to-django/$', RedirectView.as_view(url='http://djangoproject.com'), name='go-to-django'), ]
Attributes
url
The URL to redirect to, as a string. Or None
to raise a 410 (Gone) HTTP error.
pattern_name
The name of the URL pattern to redirect to. Reversing will be done using the same args and kwargs as are passed in for this view.
permanent
Whether the redirect should be permanent. The only difference here is the HTTP status code returned. If True
, then the redirect will use status code 301. If False
, then the redirect will use status code 302. By default, permanent
is True
.
Deprecated since version 1.8: The default value of the permanent
attribute will change from True
to False
in Django 1.9.
query_string
Whether to pass along the GET query string to the new location. If True
, then the query string is appended to the URL. If False
, then the query string is discarded. By default, query_string
is False
.
Methods
get_redirect_url(*args, **kwargs)
Constructs the target URL for redirection.
The default implementation uses url
as a starting string and performs expansion of %
named parameters in that string using the named groups captured in the URL.
If url
is not set, get_redirect_url()
tries to reverse the pattern_name
using what was captured in the URL (both named and unnamed groups are used).
If requested by query_string
, it will also append the query string to the generated URL. Subclasses may implement any behavior they wish, as long as the method returns a redirect-ready URL string.
© Django Software Foundation and individual contributors
Licensed under the BSD License.
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/class-based-views/base/