scale3d()

The scale3d() CSS function modifies the size of an element. Because the amount of scaling is defined by a vector, it can resize different dimensions at different scales.

This transformation is characterized by a vector whose coordinates define how much scaling is done in each direction. If all three coordinates of the vector are equal, the scaling is uniform, or isotropic, and the shape of the element is preserved. In that case, the scaling function defines a homothetic transformation.

When outside the [-1, 1] range, the scaling enlarges the element in the direction of the coordinate; when inside the range, it shrinks the element in that direction. When equal to 1 it does nothing and when negative it performs a point reflection and the size modification.

Syntax

scale3d(sx, sy, sz)

Values

sx

Is a <number> representing the abscissa of the scaling vector.

sy

Is a <number> representing the ordinate of the scaling vector.

sz

Is a <number> representing the z-component of the scaling vector.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ3
This transform applies to the 3D space and cannot be represented on the plane.		$\left(\begin{array}{cc}sx0& 0\\ 0sy& 0\\ 0& 0& sz\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}sx0& 0& 0\\ 0sy& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& sz& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$

Examples

Without changing the origin

HTML

<p>foo</p>
<p class="transformed">bar</p>

CSS

p { 
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background-color: teal;
}

.transformed {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(0.8, 2, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  background-color: blue;
}

Result

Translating the origin of the transformation

HTML

<p>foo</p>
<p class="transformed">bar</p>

CSS

p { 
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background-color: teal;
}

.transformed {
  transform: scale3d(2, 3, 0);
  transform-origin: center;
  background-color: blue;
}

Result