break-before

The break-before CSS property describes the page, column or region break behavior before the generated box. If there is no generated box, the property is ignored.

Each possible break point, that is each element boundary, is under the influence of three properties, the break-after value of the previous element, the break-before value of the next element and the break-inside of the containing element.

To define if a break must be done, the following rules are applied:

1. If any of the three concerned values is a forced break value, that is always, left, right, page, column or region, it has precedence. If several of the concerned values is such a break, the one of the element that appears the latest in the flow is taken (that is the break-before value has precedence over the break-after value, which itself has precedence over the break-inside value).
2. If any of the three concerned values is an avoid break value, that is avoid, avoid-page, avoid-region, avoid-column, no such break will be applied at that point.

Once forced breaks have been applied, soft breaks may be added if needed, but not on element boundaries that resolve in a corresponding avoid value.

Initial value	auto
Applies to	block-level elements
Inherited	no
Media	paged
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	discrete
Canonical order	the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar

Syntax

break-before: auto;
break-before: always;
break-before: left;
break-before: right;
break-before: recto;
break-before: verso;
break-before: page;
break-before: column;
break-before: region;
break-before: avoid;
break-before: avoid-page;
break-before: avoid-column;
break-before: avoid-region;

Values

auto

Initial value. Allows, meaning neither forbid nor force, any break (either page, column or region) to be be inserted before the principle box.

always

Always force page breaks before the principle box. This is a synonym of page, it has been kept to facilitate transition from page-break-before which is subset of this property.

avoid

Prevent any break, either page, column or region, to be inserted right before the principle box.

left

Force one or two page breaks right before the principle box so that the next page is formatted as a left page.

right

Force one or two page breaks right before the principle box so that the next page is formatted as a right page.

page

Always force one page break right before the principle box.

column

Always force one column break right before the principle box.

region

Always force one region break right before the principle box.

recto

Force one or two page breaks right before the principle box so that next page is formatted as a recto page, that is a right page in a left-to-right spread or a left page in a right-to-left spread.

verso

Force one or two page breaks right before the principle box so that next page is formatted as a verso page, that is a left page in a left-to-right spread or a right page in a right-to-left spread.

avoid-page

Avoid any page break right before the principle box.

avoid-column

Avoid any column break right before the principle box.

avoid-region

Avoid any region break right before the principle box.

Formal syntax

auto | avoid | avoid-page | page | left | right | recto | verso | avoid-column | column | avoid-region | region

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3 The definition of 'break-before' in that specification.	Candidate Recommendation	Adds the recto and verso keywords. Changes the media type of this property from paged to visual. Precises the breaking algorithm with different kinds of breaks.
CSS Regions Module Level 1 The definition of 'break-before' in that specification.	Working Draft	Extends the property to handle region breaks. Adds the avoid-region and region keywords.
CSS Multi-column Layout Module The definition of 'break-before' in that specification.	Candidate Recommendation	Initial definition. Extends the CSS 2.1 page-break-before property to handle both page and column breaks.

Browser compatibility

[*] WebKit and Blink browsers don't support this property, but some have the non-standard -webkit-column-break-before and -webkit-region-break-before with similar parameters as page-break-before.

[1] Edge also supports the non-standard -webkit-column-break-before variant.