background-repeat

The background-repeat CSS property defines how background images are repeated. A background image can be repeated along the horizontal axis, the vertical axis, both axes, or not repeated at all.

By default, the repeated images are clipped to the size of the element, but they can be scaled to fit (using round) or evenly distributed from end to end (using space).

Initial value	repeat
Applies to	all elements. It also applies to ::first-letter and ::first-line.
Inherited	no
Media	visual
Computed value	a list, each item consisting of two keywords, one per dimension
Animation type	discrete
Canonical order	the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar

Syntax

/* One-value syntax */
background-repeat: repeat-x;
background-repeat: repeat-y;
background-repeat: repeat;
background-repeat: space;
background-repeat: round;
background-repeat: no-repeat;

/* Two-value syntax: horizontal | vertical */
background-repeat: repeat space;
background-repeat: repeat repeat;
background-repeat: round space;
background-repeat: no-repeat round;

background-repeat: inherit;

Values

<repeat-style>

The one-value syntax is a shorthand for the full two-value syntax:

Single value	Two-value equivalent
repeat-x	repeat no-repeat
repeat-y	no-repeat repeat
repeat	repeat repeat
space	space space
round	round round
no-repeat	no-repeat no-repeat

In the two-value syntax, the first value represents the horizontal repetition behavior and the second value represents the vertical behavior. Here is an explanation of how each option works for either direction:

repeat	The image is repeated as much as needed to cover the whole background image painting area. The last image will be clipped if it doesn't fit.
space	The image is repeated as much as possible without clipping. The first and last images are pinned to either side of the element, and whitespace is distributed evenly between the images. The background-position property is ignored unless only one image can be displayed without clipping. The only case where clipping happens using space is when there isn't enough room to display one image.
round	As the allowed space increases in size, the repeated images will stretch (leaving no gaps) until there is room for another one to be added. When the next image is added, all of the current ones compress to allow room. Example: An image with an original width of 260px, repeated three times, might stretch until each repetition is 300px wide, and then another image will be added. They will then compress to 225px.
no-repeat	The image is not repeated (and hence the background image painting area will not necessarily be entirely covered). The position of the non-repeated background image is defined by the background-position CSS property.

Formal syntax

<repeat-style>#
where 
<repeat-style> = repeat-x | repeat-y | [ repeat | space | round | no-repeat ]{1,2}

Examples

HTML

<ol>
    <li>no-repeat
        <div class="one"></div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat
        <div class="two"></div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat-x
        <div class="three"></div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat-y
        <div class="four"></div>
    </li>
    <li>space
        <div class="five"></div>
    </li>
    <li>round
        <div class="six"></div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat-x, repeat-y (multiple images)
        <div class="seven"></div>
    </li>
</ol>

CSS

/* Shared for all DIVS in example */
ol, li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
li {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
div {
    background-image: url(https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/12005/starsolid.gif);
    width: 160px;
    height: 70px;
}

/* background repeat CSS */
.one {
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.two {
    background-repeat: repeat;
}
.three {
    background-repeat: repeat-x;
}
.four {
    background-repeat: repeat-y;
}

.five {
   background-repeat: space;
}

.six {
   background-repeat: round;
}

/* Multiple images */
.seven {
    background-image:  url(https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/12005/starsolid.gif),
                       url(https://developer.cdn.mozilla.net/media/redesign/img/favicon32.png);
    background-repeat: repeat-x,
                       repeat-y;
    height: 144px;
}

Result

In this example, each list item is matched with a different value of background-repeat.

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3 The definition of 'background-repeat' in that specification.	Candidate Recommendation	Added support for multiple background images, the two-value syntax allowing distinct repetition behavior for the horizontal and vertical directions, the space and round keywords, and for backgrounds on inline-level element by defining precisely the background painting area.
CSS Level 2 (Revision 1) The definition of 'background-repeat' in that specification.	Recommendation	No significant changes
CSS Level 1 The definition of 'background-repeat' in that specification.	Recommendation	Initial definition

Browser compatibility

See also

• Using CSS multiple backgrounds