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std::basic_string::basic_string

	(1)
explicit basic_string( const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );		(until C++14)
basic_string() : basic_string( Allocator() ) {} explicit basic_string( const Allocator& alloc );		(since C++14)
basic_string( size_type count, CharT ch, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );		(2)
		(3)
basic_string( const basic_string& other, size_type pos, size_type count = std::basic_string::npos, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(until C++17)
basic_string( const basic_string& other, size_type pos, const Allocator& a = Allocator());			(since C++17)
basic_string( const basic_string& other, size_type pos, size_type count, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(since C++17)
basic_string( const CharT* s, size_type count, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(4)
basic_string( const CharT* s, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(5)
template< class InputIt > basic_string( InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(6)
basic_string( const basic_string& other );			(7)
basic_string( const basic_string& other, const Allocator& alloc );			(7)	(since C++11)
basic_string( basic_string&& other );			(8)	(since C++11)
basic_string( basic_string&& other, const Allocator& alloc );			(8)	(since C++11)
basic_string( std::initializer_list<CharT> init, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(9)	(since C++11)
explicit basic_string( std::basic_string_view<charT, traits> sv, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );			(10)	(since C++17)

Constructs new string from a variety of data sources and optionally using user supplied allocator alloc.

1) Default constructor. Constructs empty string (zero size and unspecified capacity).

2) Constructs the string with count copies of character ch. The behavior is undefined if count >= npos.

3) Constructs the string with a substring [pos, pos+count) of other. If count == npos, if count is not specified, or if the requested substring lasts past the end of the string, the resulting substring is [pos, size()).

4) Constructs the string with the first count characters of character string pointed to by s. s can contain null characters. The length of the string is count. The behavior is undefined if s does not point at an array of at least count elements of CharT, including the case when s is a null pointer.

5) Constructs the string with the contents initialized with a copy of the null-terminated character string pointed to by s. The length of the string is determined by the first null character. The behavior is undefined if s does not point at an array of at least Traits::length(s)+1 elements of CharT, including the case when s is a null pointer.

6) Constructs the string with the contents of the range [first, last). This overload has the same effect as overload (2) if InputIt is an integral type.

7) Copy constructor. Constructs the string with the copy of the contents of other.

8) Move constructor. Constructs the string with the contents of other using move semantics. other is left in valid, but unspecified state.

9) Constructs the string with the contents of the initializer list init.

10) Constructs the string with the contents of the string view sv, as if by basic_string(sv.data(), sv.size(), alloc)

Parameters

alloc	-	allocator to use for all memory allocations of this string
count	-	size of the resulting string
ch	-	value to initialize the string with
pos	-	position of the first character to include
first, last	-	range to copy the characters from
s	-	pointer to an array of characters to use as source to initialize the string with
other	-	another string to use as source to initialize the string with
init	-	`std::initializer_list` to initialize the string with
sv	-	`std::basic_string_view` to initialize the string with

Complexity

1) constant

2-4) linear in count

5) linear in length of s

6) linear in distance between first and last

7) linear in size of other

8) constant. If alloc is given and alloc != other.get_allocator(), then linear

9) linear in size of init

Exceptions

noexcept specification: if alloc is not given

noexcept(noexcept(Allocator()))

noexcept specification:

noexcept

if alloc is given

(since C++17)

3) std::out_of_range if pos > other.size()

noexcept specification:

noexcept

if alloc is not given

. Throws nothing if alloc == str.get_allocator()

Notes

Initialization with a string literal that contains embedded '\0' characters uses the overload (5), which stops at the first null character. This can be avoided by specifying a different constructor or by using operator""s:

std::string s1 = "ab\0\0cd";   // s1 contains "ab"
std::string s2{"ab\0\0cd", 6}; // s2 contains "ab\0\0cd"
std::string s3 = "ab\0\0cd"s;  // s3 contains "ab\0\0cd"

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
  {
    // string::string()
    std::string s;
    assert(s.empty() && (s.length() == 0) && (s.size() == 0));
  }
 
  {
    // string::string(size_type count, charT ch)
    std::string s(4, '=');
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "===="
  }
 
  {
    std::string const other("Exemplary");
    // string::string(string const& other, size_type pos, size_type count)
    std::string s(other, 0, other.length()-1);
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "Exemplar"
  }
 
  {
    // string::string(charT const* s, size_type count)
    std::string s("C-style string", 7);
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "C-style"
  }
 
  {
    // string::string(charT const* s)
    std::string s("C-style\0string");
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "C-style"
  }
 
  {
    char mutable_c_str[] = "another C-style string";
    // string::string(InputIt first, InputIt last)
    std::string s(std::begin(mutable_c_str)+8, std::end(mutable_c_str)-1);
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "C-style string"
  }
 
  {
    std::string const other("Exemplar");
    std::string s(other);
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "Exemplar"
  }
 
  {
    // string::string(string&& str)
    std::string s(std::string("C++ by ") + std::string("example"));
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "C++ by example"
  }
 
  {
    // string(std::initializer_list<charT> ilist)
    std::string s({ 'C', '-', 's', 't', 'y', 'l', 'e' });
    std::cout << s << '\n'; // "C-style"
  }
}

Output:

====
Exemplar
C-style
C-style
C-style string
Exemplar
C++ by example
C-style