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std::max_element

Defined in header `<algorithm>`
	(1)
template< class ForwardIt > ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last);		(until C++17)
template< class ForwardIt > constexpr ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last);		(since C++17)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt > ForwardIt max_element( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last);		(2)	(since C++17)
		(3)
template< class ForwardIt, class Compare > ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare cmp);			(until C++17)
template< class ForwardIt, class Compare > constexpr ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare cmp);			(since C++17)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt, class Compare > ForwardIt max_element( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare cmp);			(4)	(since C++17)

Finds the greatest element in the range [first, last).

1) Elements are compared using operator<.

3) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison function comp.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy. These overloads do not participate in overload resolution unless std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true

Parameters

first, last	-	forward iterators defining the range to examine
policy	-	the execution policy to use. See execution policy for details.
cmp	-	comparison function object (i.e. an object that satisfies the requirements of `Compare`) which returns `true` if the first argument is less than the second. The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following: `bool cmp(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);` The signature does not need to have `const &`, but the function object must not modify the objects passed to it. The types `Type1` and `Type2` must be such that an object of type `ForwardIt` can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them.
Type requirements
- `ForwardIt` must meet the requirements of `ForwardIterator`.

Return value

Iterator to the greatest element in the range [first, last). If several elements in the range are equivalent to the greatest element, returns the iterator to the first such element. Returns last if the range is empty.

Complexity

Exactly max(N-1,0) comparisons, where N = std::distance(first, last).

Exceptions

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception, std::terminate is called.
If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

Possible implementation

First version
template<class ForwardIt> ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last) { if (first == last) { return last; } ForwardIt largest = first; ++first; for (; first != last; ++first) { if (largest < first) { largest = first; } } return largest; }
Second version
template<class ForwardIt, class Compare> ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare cmp) { if (first == last) { return last; } ForwardIt largest = first; ++first; for (; first != last; ++first) { if (cmp(largest, first)) { largest = first; } } return largest; }

First version

template<class ForwardIt>
ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    if (first == last) {
        return last;
    }
    ForwardIt largest = first;
    ++first;
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        if (*largest < *first) {
            largest = first;
        }
    }
    return largest;
}

Second version

template<class ForwardIt, class Compare>
ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, 
                      Compare cmp)
{
    if (first == last) {
        return last;
    }
    ForwardIt largest = first;
    ++first;
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        if (cmp(*largest, *first)) {
            largest = first;
        }
    }
    return largest;
}

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
 
static bool abs_compare(int a, int b)
{
    return (std::abs(a) < std::abs(b));
}
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{ 3, 1, -14, 1, 5, 9 }; 
    std::vector<int>::iterator result;
 
    result = std::max_element(v.begin(), v.end());
    std::cout << "max element at: " << std::distance(v.begin(), result) << '\n';
 
    result = std::max_element(v.begin(), v.end(), abs_compare);
    std::cout << "max element (absolute) at: " << std::distance(v.begin(), result);
}

Output:

max element at: 5
max element (absolute) at: 2

min_element	returns the smallest element in a range (function template)
minmax_element (C++11)	returns the smallest and the largest elements in a range (function template)
max	returns the greater of the given values (function template)
std::experimental::parallel::max_element (parallelism TS)	parallelized version of `std::max_element` (function template)