Represents an M - N relationship where there exists a junction - or join - table that contains the association fields between the source and the target table.
An example of a BelongsToMany association would be Article belongs to many Tags.
string
'append'
string
'replace'
MANY_TO_MANY
, MANY_TO_ONE
, ONE_TO_MANY
, ONE_TO_ONE
, STRATEGY_JOIN
, STRATEGY_SELECT
, STRATEGY_SUBQUERY
$_dependent
protected boolean
Whether the records on the joint table should be removed when a record on the source table is deleted.
$_joinType
protected string
$_junctionAssociationName
protected string
The name of the hasMany association from the target table to the junction table
$_junctionConditions
protected null|array
$_junctionProperty
protected string
The name of the property to be set containing data from the junction table once a record from the target table is hydrated
$_junctionTable
protected $_junctionTableName
protected string
$_saveStrategy
protected string
$_sort
protected mixed
$_strategy
protected string
$_targetConditions
protected null|array
$_targetForeignKey
protected string|array
$_through
protected string|Cake\ORM\Table
$_validStrategies
protected array
_bindingKey
, _cascadeCallbacks
, _className
, _conditions
, _finder
, _foreignKey
, _name
, _propertyName
, _sourceTable
, _targetTable
_tableLocator
Conditionally adds a condition to the passed Query that will make it find records where there is no match with this association.
Returns the list of joint entities that exist between the source entity and each of the passed target entities
Helper method used to delete the difference between the links passed in $existing
and $jointEntities
. This method will return the values from $targetEntities
that were not deleted from calculating the difference.
Returns the name of the association from the target table to the junction table, this name is used to generate alias in the query and to later on retrieve the results.
Sets the name of the junction table. If no arguments are passed the current configured name is returned. A default name based of the associated tables will be generated if none found.
Persists each of the entities into the target table and creates links between the parent entity and each one of the saved target entities.
Alters a Query object to include the associated target table data in the final result
Returns a modified row after appending a property for this association with the default empty value according to whether the association was joined or fetched externally.
Eager loads a list of records in the target table that are related to another set of records in the source table. Source records can specified in two ways: first one is by passing a Query object setup to find on the source table and the other way is by explicitly passing an array of primary key values from the source table.
Proxies the finding operation to the target table's find method and modifies the query accordingly based of this association configuration.
Returns boolean true, as both of the tables 'own' rows in the other side of the association via the joint table.
Sets the table instance for the junction relation. If no arguments are passed, the current configured table instance is returned
Returns filtered conditions that specifically reference the junction table.
Associates the source entity to each of the target entities provided by creating links in the junction table. Both the source entity and each of the target entities are assumed to be already persisted, if they are marked as new or their status is unknown then an exception will be thrown.
Replaces existing association links between the source entity and the target with the ones passed. This method does a smart cleanup, links that are already persisted and present in $targetEntities
will not be deleted, new links will be created for the passed target entities that are not already in the database and the rest will be removed.
Takes an entity from the source table and looks if there is a field matching the property name for this association. The found entity will be saved on the target table for this association by passing supplied $options
Sets the strategy that should be used for saving. If called with no arguments, it will return the currently configured strategy
Sets a list of conditions to be always included when fetching records from the target association.
Sets the sort order in which target records should be returned. If no arguments are passed the currently configured value is returned
Sets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table. If no parameters are passed current field is returned
Removes all links between the passed source entity and each of the provided target entities. This method assumes that all passed objects are already persisted in the database and that each of them contain a primary key value.
_appendJunctionJoin( Cake\ORM\Query $query , string|array $conditions )
Append a join to the junction table.
Cake\ORM\Query
$query
$conditions
Cake\ORM\Query
_appendNotMatching( Cake\Datasource\QueryInterface $query , array $options )
Conditionally adds a condition to the passed Query that will make it find records where there is no match with this association.
Cake\Datasource\QueryInterface
$query
$options
negateMatch
key.Cake\ORM\Association::_appendNotMatching()
_checkPersistenceStatus( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $sourceEntity , array $targetEntities )
Throws an exception should any of the passed entities is not persisted.
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$sourceEntity
the row belonging to the source
side of this association
$targetEntities
list of entities belonging to the target
side of this association
_collectJointEntities( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $sourceEntity , array $targetEntities )
Returns the list of joint entities that exist between the source entity and each of the passed target entities
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$sourceEntity
The row belonging to the source side of this association.
$targetEntities
The rows belonging to the target side of this association.
if any of the entities is lacking a primary key value
_diffLinks( Cake\ORM\Query $existing , array $jointEntities , array $targetEntities , array $options [] )
Helper method used to delete the difference between the links passed in $existing
and $jointEntities
. This method will return the values from $targetEntities
that were not deleted from calculating the difference.
Cake\ORM\Query
$existing
$jointEntities
$targetEntities
entities in target table that are related to the $jointEntities
$options
optional [] Table::delete()
_generateJunctionAssociations( Cake\ORM\Table $junction , Cake\ORM\Table $source , Cake\ORM\Table $target )
Generate associations on the junction table as necessary
Generates the following associations:
You can override these generated associations by defining associations with the correct aliases.
Cake\ORM\Table
$junction
Cake\ORM\Table
$source
Cake\ORM\Table
$target
_generateSourceAssociations( Cake\ORM\Table $junction , Cake\ORM\Table $source )
Generate additional source table associations as necessary.
Generates the following associations:
You can override these generated associations by defining associations with the correct aliases.
Cake\ORM\Table
$junction
Cake\ORM\Table
$source
_generateTargetAssociations( Cake\ORM\Table $junction , Cake\ORM\Table $source , Cake\ORM\Table $target )
Generate reciprocal associations as necessary.
Generates the following associations:
You can override these generated associations by defining associations with the correct aliases.
Cake\ORM\Table
$junction
Cake\ORM\Table
$source
Cake\ORM\Table
$target
_joinCondition( array $options )
Return false as join conditions are defined in the junction table
$options
if the number of columns in the foreignKey do not match the number of columns in the source table primaryKey
Cake\ORM\Association::_joinCondition()
_junctionAssociationName( )
Returns the name of the association from the target table to the junction table, this name is used to generate alias in the query and to later on retrieve the results.
_junctionTableName( string|null $name null )
Sets the name of the junction table. If no arguments are passed the current configured name is returned. A default name based of the associated tables will be generated if none found.
$name
optional null _options( array $opts )
Parse extra options passed in the constructor.
$opts
Cake\ORM\Association::_options()
_saveLinks( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $sourceEntity , array $targetEntities , array $options )
Creates links between the source entity and each of the passed target entities
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$sourceEntity
the entity from source table in this association
$targetEntities
list of entities to link to link to the source entity using the junction table
$options
Table::save()
_saveTarget( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $parentEntity , array|Traversable $entities , array $options )
Persists each of the entities into the target table and creates links between the parent entity and each one of the saved target entities.
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$parentEntity
the source entity containing the target entities to be saved.
$entities
list of entities to persist in target table and to link to the parent entity
$options
Table::save()
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
|booleanThe parent entity after all links have been created if no errors happened, false otherwise
if the property representing the association in the parent entity cannot be traversed
attachTo( Cake\ORM\Query $query , array $options [] )
Alters a Query object to include the associated target table data in the final result
The options array accept the following keys:
Cake\ORM\Query
$query
$options
optional [] if the query builder passed does not return a query object
Cake\ORM\Association::attachTo()
canBeJoined( array $options [] )
Whether this association can be expressed directly in a query join
$options
optional [] if the 'matching' key in $option is true then this function will return true, false otherwise
Cake\ORM\Association::canBeJoined()
cascadeDelete( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $entity , array $options [] )
Clear out the data in the junction table for a given entity.
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$entity
$options
optional [] defaultRowValue( array $row , boolean $joined )
Returns a modified row after appending a property for this association with the default empty value according to whether the association was joined or fetched externally.
$row
$joined
Whether or not the row is a result of a direct join with this association
Cake\ORM\Association::defaultRowValue()
eagerLoader( array $options )
Eager loads a list of records in the target table that are related to another set of records in the source table. Source records can specified in two ways: first one is by passing a Query object setup to find on the source table and the other way is by explicitly passing an array of primary key values from the source table.
$options
find( string|array|null $type null , array $options [] )
Proxies the finding operation to the target table's find method and modifies the query accordingly based of this association configuration.
If your association includes conditions, the junction table will be included in the query's contained associations.
$type
optional null the type of query to perform, if an array is passed, it will be interpreted as the $options
parameter
$options
optional [] Cake\ORM\Query
Cake\ORM\Association::find()
getForeignKey( )
Gets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the source table.
Cake\ORM\Association::getForeignKey()
getSaveStrategy( )
Gets the strategy that should be used for saving.
getTargetForeignKey( )
Gets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table.
getThrough( )
Gets the current join table, either the name of the Table instance or the instance itself.
Cake\ORM\Table
isOwningSide( Cake\ORM\Table $side )
Returns boolean true, as both of the tables 'own' rows in the other side of the association via the joint table.
Cake\ORM\Table
$side
junction( string|Cake\ORM\Table|null $table null )
Sets the table instance for the junction relation. If no arguments are passed, the current configured table instance is returned
Cake\ORM\Table
|null $table
optional null Cake\ORM\Table
junctionConditions( )
Returns filtered conditions that specifically reference the junction table.
link( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $sourceEntity , array $targetEntities , array $options [] )
Associates the source entity to each of the target entities provided by creating links in the junction table. Both the source entity and each of the target entities are assumed to be already persisted, if they are marked as new or their status is unknown then an exception will be thrown.
When using this method, all entities in $targetEntities
will be appended to the source entity's property corresponding to this association object.
This method does not check link uniqueness.
$newTags = $tags->find('relevant')->toArray(); $articles->association('tags')->link($article, $newTags);
$article->get('tags')
will contain all tags in $newTags
after liking
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$sourceEntity
the row belonging to the source
side of this association
$targetEntities
list of entities belonging to the target
side of this association
$options
optional [] save
callwhen any of the values in $targetEntities is detected to not be already persisted
replaceLinks( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $sourceEntity , array $targetEntities , array $options [] )
Replaces existing association links between the source entity and the target with the ones passed. This method does a smart cleanup, links that are already persisted and present in $targetEntities
will not be deleted, new links will be created for the passed target entities that are not already in the database and the rest will be removed.
For example, if an article is linked to tags 'cake' and 'framework' and you pass to this method an array containing the entities for tags 'cake', 'php' and 'awesome', only the link for cake will be kept in database, the link for 'framework' will be deleted and the links for 'php' and 'awesome' will be created.
Existing links are not deleted and created again, they are either left untouched or updated so that potential extra information stored in the joint row is not lost. Updating the link row can be done by making sure the corresponding passed target entity contains the joint property with its primary key and any extra information to be stored.
On success, the passed $sourceEntity
will contain $targetEntities
as value in the corresponding property for this association.
This method assumes that links between both the source entity and each of the target entities are unique. That is, for any given row in the source table there can only be one link in the junction table pointing to any other given row in the target table.
Additional options for new links to be saved can be passed in the third argument, check Table::save()
for information on the accepted options.
$article->tags = [$tag1, $tag2, $tag3, $tag4]; $articles->save($article); $tags = [$tag1, $tag3]; $articles->association('tags')->replaceLinks($article, $tags);
$article->get('tags')
will contain only [$tag1, $tag3]
at the end
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$sourceEntity
an entity persisted in the source table for this association
$targetEntities
$options
optional [] list of options to be passed to the internal save
/delete
calls when persisting/updating new links, or deleting existing ones
if non persisted entities are passed or if any of them is lacking a primary key value
saveAssociated( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $entity , array $options [] )
Takes an entity from the source table and looks if there is a field matching the property name for this association. The found entity will be saved on the target table for this association by passing supplied $options
When using the 'append' strategy, this function will only create new links between each side of this association. It will not destroy existing ones even though they may not be present in the array of entities to be saved.
When using the 'replace' strategy, existing links will be removed and new links will be created in the joint table. If there exists links in the database to some of the entities intended to be saved by this method, they will be updated, not deleted.
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$entity
$options
optional [] options to be passed to the save method in the target table
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
false if $entity could not be saved, otherwise it returns the saved entity
if the property representing the association in the parent entity cannot be traversed
saveStrategy( string|null $strategy null )
Sets the strategy that should be used for saving. If called with no arguments, it will return the currently configured strategy
$strategy
optional null setConditions( array $conditions )
Sets a list of conditions to be always included when fetching records from the target association.
$conditions
Cake\ORM\Association::setConditions()
setSaveStrategy( string $strategy )
Sets the strategy that should be used for saving.
$strategy
setTargetForeignKey( string $key )
Sets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table.
$key
setThrough( string|Cake\ORM\Table $through )
Sets the current join table, either the name of the Table instance or the instance itself.
Cake\ORM\Table
$through
sort( mixed $sort null )
Sets the sort order in which target records should be returned. If no arguments are passed the currently configured value is returned
$sort
optional null targetConditions( )
Returns filtered conditions that reference the target table.
Any string expressions, or expression objects will also be returned in this list.
Generally an array. If the conditions are not an array, the association conditions will be returned unmodified.
targetForeignKey( string|null $key null )
Sets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table. If no parameters are passed current field is returned
$key
optional null unlink( Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface $sourceEntity , array $targetEntities , array|boolean $options [] )
Removes all links between the passed source entity and each of the provided target entities. This method assumes that all passed objects are already persisted in the database and that each of them contain a primary key value.
Additionally to the default options accepted by Table::delete()
, the following keys are supported:
$targetEntities
that are stored in $sourceEntity
(default: true)By default this method will unset each of the entity objects stored inside the source entity.
$article->tags = [$tag1, $tag2, $tag3, $tag4]; $tags = [$tag1, $tag2, $tag3]; $articles->association('tags')->unlink($article, $tags);
$article->get('tags')
will contain only [$tag4]
after deleting in the database
Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface
$sourceEntity
an entity persisted in the source table for this association
$targetEntities
list of entities persisted in the target table for this association
$options
optional [] list of options to be passed to the internal delete
call, or a boolean
if non persisted entities are passed or if any of them is lacking a primary key value
__call( string $method , array $argument )
Proxies method calls to the target table.
$method
$argument
__construct( string $alias , array $options [] )
Constructor. Subclasses can override _options function to get the original list of passed options if expecting any other special key
$alias
$options
optional [] __get( string $property )
Proxies property retrieval to the target table. This is handy for getting this association's associations
$property
Cake\ORM\Association
__isset( string $property )
Proxies the isset call to the target table. This is handy to check if the target table has another association with the passed name
$property
_appendFields( Cake\ORM\Query $query , Cake\ORM\Query $surrogate , array $options )
Helper function used to conditionally append fields to the select clause of a query from the fields found in another query object.
Cake\ORM\Query
$query
Cake\ORM\Query
$surrogate
$options
attachTo
_bindNewAssociations( Cake\ORM\Query $query , Cake\ORM\Query $surrogate , array $options )
Applies all attachable associations to $query
out of the containments found in the $surrogate
query.
Copies all contained associations from the $surrogate
query into the passed $query
. Containments are altered so that they respect the associations chain from which they originated.
Cake\ORM\Query
$query
Cake\ORM\Query
$surrogate
$options
attachTo
_dispatchBeforeFind( Cake\ORM\Query $query )
Triggers beforeFind on the target table for the query this association is attaching to
Cake\ORM\Query
$query
_extractFinder( string|array $finderData )
Helper method to infer the requested finder and its options.
Returns the inferred options from the finder $type.
The following will call the finder 'translations' with the value of the finder as its options: $query->contain(['Comments' => ['finder' => ['translations']]]); $query->contain(['Comments' => ['finder' => ['translations' => []]]]); $query->contain(['Comments' => ['finder' => ['translations' => ['locales' => ['en_US']]]]]);
$finderData
The finder name or an array having the name as key and options as value.
_formatAssociationResults( Cake\ORM\Query $query , Cake\ORM\Query $surrogate , array $options )
Adds a formatter function to the passed $query
if the $surrogate
query declares any other formatter. Since the $surrogate
query correspond to the associated target table, the resulting formatter will be the result of applying the surrogate formatters to only the property corresponding to such table.
Cake\ORM\Query
$query
Cake\ORM\Query
$surrogate
the query having formatters for the associated target table.
$options
attachTo
_getClassName( string $alias , array $options [] )
Gets the table class name.
$alias
$options
optional [] _propertyName( )
Returns default property name based on association name.
bindingKey( string|null $key null )
Sets the name of the field representing the binding field with the target table. When not manually specified the primary key of the owning side table is used.
If no parameters are passed the current field is returned
$key
optional null cascadeCallbacks( boolean|null $cascadeCallbacks null )
Sets whether or not cascaded deletes should also fire callbacks. If no arguments are passed, the current configured value is returned
$cascadeCallbacks
optional null conditions( array|null $conditions null )
Sets a list of conditions to be always included when fetching records from the target association. If no parameters are passed the current list is returned
$conditions
optional null deleteAll( mixed $conditions )
Proxies the delete operation to the target table's deleteAll method
$conditions
Conditions to be used, accepts anything Query::where() can take.
dependent( boolean|null $dependent null )
Sets whether the records on the target table are dependent on the source table.
This is primarily used to indicate that records should be removed if the owning record in the source table is deleted.
If no parameters are passed the current setting is returned.
$dependent
optional null exists( array|callable|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions )
Proxies the operation to the target table's exists method after appending the default conditions for this association
Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions
The conditions to use for checking if any record matches.
finder( string|null $finder null )
Sets the default finder to use for fetching rows from the target table. If no parameters are passed, it will return the currently configured finder name.
$finder
optional null foreignKey( string|null $key null )
Sets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table. If no parameters are passed the current field is returned
$key
optional null getBindingKey( )
Gets the name of the field representing the binding field with the target table. When not manually specified the primary key of the owning side table is used.
getCascadeCallbacks( )
Gets whether or not cascaded deletes should also fire callbacks.
getConditions( )
Gets a list of conditions to be always included when fetching records from the target association.
getDependent( )
Sets whether the records on the target table are dependent on the source table.
This is primarily used to indicate that records should be removed if the owning record in the source table is deleted.
getFinder( )
Gets the default finder to use for fetching rows from the target table.
getJoinType( )
Gets the type of join to be used when adding the association to a query.
getProperty( )
Gets the property name that should be filled with data from the target table in the source table record.
getSource( )
Gets the table instance for the source side of the association.
Cake\ORM\Table
getStrategy( )
Gets the strategy name to be used to fetch associated records. Keep in mind that some association types might not implement but a default strategy, rendering any changes to this setting void.
getTarget( )
Gets the table instance for the target side of the association.
Cake\ORM\Table
joinType( string|null $type null )
Sets the type of join to be used when adding the association to a query. If no arguments are passed, the currently configured type is returned.
$type
optional null name( string|null $name null )
Sets the name for this association.
$name
optional null property( string|null $name null )
Sets the property name that should be filled with data from the target table in the source table record. If no arguments are passed, the currently configured type is returned.
$name
optional null requiresKeys( array $options [] )
Returns true if the eager loading process will require a set of the owning table's binding keys in order to use them as a filter in the finder query.
$options
optional [] setBindingKey( string $key )
Sets the name of the field representing the binding field with the target table. When not manually specified the primary key of the owning side table is used.
$key
setCascadeCallbacks( boolean $cascadeCallbacks )
Sets whether or not cascaded deletes should also fire callbacks.
$cascadeCallbacks
setDependent( boolean $dependent )
Sets whether the records on the target table are dependent on the source table.
This is primarily used to indicate that records should be removed if the owning record in the source table is deleted.
If no parameters are passed the current setting is returned.
$dependent
setFinder( string $finder )
Sets the default finder to use for fetching rows from the target table.
$finder
setForeignKey( string $key )
Sets the name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table.
$key
setJoinType( string $type )
Sets the type of join to be used when adding the association to a query.
$type
setName( string $name )
Sets the name for this association.
$name
setProperty( string $name )
Sets the property name that should be filled with data from the target table in the source table record.
$name
setSource( Cake\ORM\Table $table )
Sets the table instance for the source side of the association.
Cake\ORM\Table
$table
setStrategy( string $name )
Sets the strategy name to be used to fetch associated records. Keep in mind that some association types might not implement but a default strategy, rendering any changes to this setting void.
$name
setTarget( Cake\ORM\Table $table )
Sets the table instance for the target side of the association.
Cake\ORM\Table
$table
source( Cake\ORM\Table $table null )
Sets the table instance for the source side of the association. If no arguments are passed, the current configured table instance is returned
Cake\ORM\Table
$table
optional null Cake\ORM\Table
strategy( string|null $name null )
Sets the strategy name to be used to fetch associated records. Keep in mind that some association types might not implement but a default strategy, rendering any changes to this setting void. If no arguments are passed, the currently configured strategy is returned.
$name
optional null target( Cake\ORM\Table $table null )
Sets the table instance for the target side of the association. If no arguments are passed, the current configured table instance is returned
Cake\ORM\Table
$table
optional null Cake\ORM\Table
transformRow( array $row , string $nestKey , boolean $joined , string|null $targetProperty null )
Correctly nests a result row associated values into the correct array keys inside the source results.
$row
$nestKey
The array key under which the results for this association should be found
$joined
Whether or not the row is a result of a direct join with this association
$targetProperty
optional null The property name in the source results where the association data shuld be nested in. Will use the default one if not provided.
updateAll( array $fields , mixed $conditions )
Proxies the update operation to the target table's updateAll method
$fields
$conditions
Conditions to be used, accepts anything Query::where() can take.
_camelize( string $name )
Creates a camelized version of $name
$name
_entityName( string $name )
Creates the proper entity name (singular) for the specified name
$name
_fixtureName( string $name )
Creates a fixture name
$name
_modelKey( string $name )
Creates the proper underscored model key for associations
If the input contains a dot, assume that the right side is the real table name.
$name
_modelNameFromKey( string $key )
Creates the proper model name from a foreign key
$key
_pluginNamespace( string $pluginName )
Return plugin's namespace
$pluginName
_pluginPath( string $pluginName )
Find the correct path for a plugin. Scans $pluginPaths for the plugin you want.
$pluginName
_pluralHumanName( string $name )
Creates the plural human name used in views
$name
_singularHumanName( string $name )
Creates the singular human name used in views
$name
_singularName( string $name )
Creates the singular name for use in views.
$name
_variableName( string $name )
Creates the plural variable name for views
$name
tableLocator( Cake\ORM\Locator\LocatorInterface $tableLocator null )
Sets the table locator. If no parameters are passed, it will return the currently used locator.
Cake\ORM\Locator\LocatorInterface
$tableLocator
optional null Cake\ORM\Locator\LocatorInterface
protected boolean
Whether the records on the joint table should be removed when a record on the source table is deleted.
Defaults to true for backwards compatibility.
true
protected string
The type of join to be used when adding the association to a query
'INNER'
protected string
The name of the hasMany association from the target table to the junction table
protected null|array
Filtered conditions that reference the junction table.
protected string
The name of the property to be set containing data from the junction table once a record from the target table is hydrated
'_joinData'
protected string
Saving strategy to be used by this association
self::SAVE_REPLACE
protected string
The strategy name to be used to fetch associated records.
self::STRATEGY_SELECT
protected string|array
The name of the field representing the foreign key to the target table
protected array
Valid strategies for this type of association
[ self::STRATEGY_SELECT, self::STRATEGY_SUBQUERY ]
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https://api.cakephp.org/3.4/class-Cake.ORM.Association.BelongsToMany.html